Q Tower was the HQ of the Harwich-Ipswich-Martlesham Heath anti-aircraft guns between 19 (earlier it had been in Landguard Fort). In 1810 or 1811 seven Martello Towers were built along the shore, of which 4 (Tower P on Wireless Green off Old Fort Road is the home of the local CoastWatch group, Q Tower in the town, and two more towards the Deben mouth) survive. The town only became related to a major port in 1886 when the port opened to trade, following the initial construction of the dock basin in 1882. The Felixstowe area as a whole provided a linchpin in England's defence, as proved in 1667 when Dutch soldiers landed near the Fludyers area and tried (unsuccessfully) in the Battle of Landguard Fort to capture Landguard Fort due to strategic location. Walton had always preceded Felixstowe as a settlement as seen by the presence of Walton Castle, built by the Romans in the 3rd century, but today Walton is generally considered part of Felixstowe due to modern expansion.įelixstowe is situated at the tip of the Colneis peninsula, and was in the ancient Colneis Hundred. Walton was a settlement on the River Orwell and in 1844 had a population of 907 compared to the relatively small Felixstowe Parish holding only 502 people. In the Doomsday book, for instance, only Walton is shown, and not Felixstowe, which at the time held little more than a few houses scattered over the cliff tops. The early history of Felixstowe, including its Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Norman and medieval defences, is told under the name of Walton, because the name Felixstowe was given retrospectively, during the 13th century, to a place which had expanded to a form beyond the boundaries of Walton alone. The old Felixstowe hamlet was centred on a pub and church, having stood on the site since long before the Norman conquest of England. It is possible that the later reworking of Filicia/Filche was made with the intention of referencing Felix of Burgundy. The earliest recorded names "Filchestou" from 1254, and "Filchestowe" in 1291 support this idea. A alternative etymology is from the Anglo-Saxon or Old English name Filicia and stōw meaning a place of location. One is that the town is named after Felix of Burgundy, a saint and the first bishop of the East Angles in the seventh century, although this is unlikely as the name Felixstowe isn't recorded for almost nine hundred years. There are competing theories as to how the name of Felixstowe arose. Felixstowe is approximately 72 miles (116 km) northeast of London. The Port of Felixstowe is the largest container port in the United Kingdom. The estimated population in 2017 was 24,521.
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